I Will Fight No More Forever

"I Will Fight No More Forever” is a realistic writing that shows the struggles of the Indians and the way of life of their people. The people were in pain and had nothing to do and nowhere to go. The Indians had been moved from their native lands and homes in the forest and plains and put on to reservations by the white people. On these reservations the Indians had bad crop land and could not produce enough food for them so many were starving to death. “My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blanket, no food; no one knows where they are- perhaps freezing to death” (Chief Joseph 533). This is awful and the government was doing this to them and they believed that is it was okay that they were allowed to do this because the Indians did not own the land. The Indians had been living on the lands for thousands of years way before the English set foot on America and then for them to claim that they owned all the land is wrong. Thoreau would have been very upset that the government was able to treat people that way. He was very antigovernment and this mistreatment of the Indians goes against what he believes in greatly. The Indians were living of the land and with nature, which was something that Thoreau valued greatly. He even moved into the woods away from society to find peace and happiness. Thoreau if he could probably wished he could have been an Indian because of his love of nature and his want to get away from the corruption of society. Thoreau explained, "I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived” (Wayne). The going against society and dealing with only important decision and trouble that truly mattered was the goal of Thoreau during his time in the wood.

Wayne, Tiffany K., ed. "Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson." Critical Companion to Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2010. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc

Chief Joseph."I Will Fight No More Forever." Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.533. Print.

Spoon River Anthology

The Hill is an excerpt from the "Spoon River Anthology" and it is an interesting piece of writing, which shows a side of the afterlife and the true end of death. It explores the realism of death and what really happens to your body that is actually fact instead of exploring what people believe might be true in the afterlife. The Hill is the end of the line and is the place where everyone eventually ends up in a box under the ground. “The weak of will, the strong of arm, the clown, the boozer, the fighter? All, all are sleeping on the hill”(Masters). This analyzes of the end of life is a more practical approach compared to the theories of Romanticism and Puritan writers. No matter who you are you will eventually end up in the hill with everyone else. Money, wealth, and power no matter how much it will never save you from the eventual end of life that will put a person on an equal level with everyone else. “ One died in a jail, One fell from a bridge toiling for children and wife- All, all are sleeping, sleeping, sleeping on the hill” (Masters). These men died differently one a heroic death and the other a not so great one. Emerson and Thoreau were Realist in ideas and they would like the truth that Edgar Lee Masters writes about the hill. The nature element of the hill is a great idea and gives the people a sense that death is not such a bad thing they get to become a part of the beautiful hill. The hill is something beautiful and therefore we can assume that the author also believes that there is beauty in death. Emerson and Thoreau were big into nature and the peaceful qualities it has which is something else that people believe comes with death that peaceful tranquil environment. The “Spoon River Anthology” are the stories of real people and how they make it though the real world.

"Spoon River Anthology by Edgar Lee MastersHypertext Meanings and Commentaries from the Encyclopedia of the Self by Mark Zimmerman." Spoon River Anthology by Edgar Lee Masters. Web. 25 Feb. 2012.

The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County

"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" is a tale about a man telling a tale that was completely unnecessary and is one of the values that Thoreau would be against just like Mark Twain. " Assuming the role of moral instructor, he accuses his countrymen of adhering to outmoded traditions and conventions; of being obsessed with acquiring material goods; and of having a mistaken conception of work, which exists only to feed artificial needs"(Grant). Thoreau would see this tale as a waste of speech and also a mistreatment of nature and animals. He would also be upset that they are using nature to acquire material goods in this case money. Mark Twain is even upset about the trivial conversation that is discussed between the men and their lack of better tales and restraint to only tell important tales of real matters. "Anyways, I've got my opinion, and I'll risk forty dollars that he can out jump any frog in Calaveras county"(Twain 502). The man leaves his own frog with this not so trusting man, who is just out to win forty bucks and destroys the frog. He fills the frog with a weird substance to allow himself the victory but killing the beauty of the frog. Mark Twain is friendly to nature and loves nature because he grew up in the country part and that influenced most of his stories. He roots all of his stories in the woodlands or connected to the beauty of nature and the elements around it. Thoreau and Mark Twain are very similar to each other they both excluded themselves from society and lived in the country part of the society away from the government and inequality. "Oh! hang Smiley and his afflicted cow!" I muttered, good-naturedly, and bidding the old gentleman good-day, I departed" (Twain 502). This last line is Mark Twain peeking himself into the story and giving his opinion of the story. He is upset about the tale but his respectful and leaves like a level headed gentlemen, which is similar to what Emerson and Thoreau most likely would have done.

Grant, P. B. "Individual and Society in Walden." McClinton-Temple, Jennifer ed. Encyclopedia of Themes in Literature. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2011. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc

Twain, Mark."The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.498-502. Print.

The Red Badge of Courage

“The Red Badge of Courage” is a tale of an average man who is put into an extreme situation and at first he fails himself but to others he appears a hero. He does not believe he is a hero because he ran from battle and was hit by one of his fellow soldiers and when he returned home they believed him to have been wounded in battle. He is ashamed of this honor that people believe he has earned but the guilt of being a coward haunts him and makes him want to redeem himself. He enters the war again to truly earn his Red Badge of Courage. When he entered for the second time he zones out into the perfect soldier afraid of nothing. His courage this time comes from his want to become a better and honorable man. "He craved a power that would enable him to make a world-sweeping gesture and brush all back. His impotency appeared to him, and made his rage into that of a driven beast"(Crane 493). This focus of his mind and what he wants helps him come out of the war unharmed the second time. He wants to become an honorable man which is something that Thoreau and Emerson liked in people. They wanted people to become their own men and to live up to their own expectations. Emerson and Thoreau were against government, so they would not be happy about the man first entry into the army by force but they were against war all together so this goes against the idea of peaceful resolutions. “Buried in the smoke of many rifles his anger was directed not so much against the men whom he knew were rushing toward him as against the swirling battle phantoms which were choking him, stuffing their smoke robes down his parched throat”(Crane 493). This feeling of being trapped by this thought and feeling of his guilt were worse than the actually war according to him. Emerson and Thoreau would be glad for this man taking charge of his life and making his own ideas about life.

Crane, Stephen."The Red Badge of Courage." Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.493. Print.

The Awakening Reflection

This piece of "The Awakening" is about a woman who has suffered something extremely sad but the reader does not know why. This novel is part of the Realism period of writing which features the true nature of the human spirit and the real events and things that happen to people in a society. This woman might have just suffered a great loss of a family member or friend, which could explain her grief and tears. They say that if you hear an owl hooting at night someone close to you dies, whether this is simple an old wise tale or a bit true it leads this women to be grief struck. The article from "The Awakening" shows the emotion and true emotions of a person and not just the happy ones or romantic ones that paint a perfect story. The story of Realism is the life and death stakes, which many people during this time period were facing due to the booming economy and all the factories that needed people to work for them. "The tears came so fast to Mrs. Pontellier's eyes that the damp sleeves of her peignoir no longer served to dry them"(Chopin 491). During this time period after the Civil War and into the early nineteen hundreds people everywhere were seeing American in a much different light. The people working in the factories were submitted to terrible working conditions and living standards that were killing hundreds of people and the sight of someone crying was probably not uncommon amongst people. This women believes that once she has finished crying all will be better in her life. Emerson and Thoreau believe that real emotions were something hidden by other writers and they do lead to the expression of emotion throughout their own ideas. Thoreau and Emerson find happiness in nature and alone in away from the corruption that is the government and society, which takes hold of people's lives and affects their lives in every aspect.

Chopin, Kate."The Awakening." Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.491. Print.

O Pioneers! Reflection Blog

"O Pioneers!" is the tale of the struggles of the pioneers who settled out West in the hopes

of becoming wealthy farmers. The men soon discover that the land that they have settled is no longer

the rich and fertile land that it once was and that by having one bad season for the crops could ruin

your chances of every becoming a successful and wealthy man in America. The men in this novel have

experienced the bad season and are now in debt and have no way to save their farms and must leave

the land that they thought would save them. "The settlers sat about on the wooden sidewalks in the

little town and told each other that the country was never meant for men to live in; the thing to do

was to get back to Iowa, to Illinois, to any place that had been proved habitable"( Cather 489).

The men were defeated but they tried the world of the pioneer that Emerson and Thoreau became

fans of themselves living away from the corrupt area of society and the government that only help

itself and not the people who it was suppose to protect. Emerson and Thoreau believed that the life

of a pioneer was much better because they could avoid corruption and make their own rules and

society to live by. The people of the West and the Plains were more connected to nature since their

lives depended on the crops themselves and the land. The pioneers hunted some of their food they

lived in a mix of Indian ways of life and the civilization they left to find money. Thoreau and Emerson

would have been angered when the bank foreclosed on the people because they believed the government

should stay out of the business of individuals. "A steady job, a few holidays, nothing to think about, and

they would have been very happy"(Cather 489). This statement is one part that Emerson and Thoreau

would have argued they believed that the society in the cities were corrupted and hurt the people and

these pioneers did not know about the awful working conditions of the time, which would have changed

their views most likely of moving back into the city. Emerson and Thoreau believed that nature gave

people happiness and Cather is saying that happiness is money and stability, which is partly true but

to be happy you have to enjoy what you do and see around you. If they move into the towns with no

trees or grass and just building they are not going to be anywhere near as happy as they were in the

West.

Cather, Willa."O Pioneers!" Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.489. Print.

An Occurance at Owl Creek Bridge

"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" is written in a flash forward which is when the character floats away from reality and plays out how they want the event to happen and then it switches quickly back to reality. Peyton Farquhar tells his story in flash-forward of his death. Farquhar wanted to become a part of the war effort and was given the chance by some soldiers who prompted him with the idea of blowing up the bridge. This seemed like a good idea because he was a Southern plantation owner and wanted to prevent the Northern's to enter the South and cause chaos. This taking control of his own ideas and doing something about want he believes in is something that Thoreau and Emerson believed in. Peyton also lived in the wilderness but was a big politician, who was something that Thoreau and Emerson was not exactly a fan of. "Peyton Farquhar was a well-to -do planter, of a highly respected Alabama family. Being a slave owner and like other slave owners a politician he was naturally an original secessionist and ardently devoted to the Southern cause"(Bierce 391). The man was involved in the political world at wanted to keep his rights in place of owning slaves and to remain a part of the South and that was the culture of the South. Having slaves was a symbol of power and wealth in the South the more slaves you had the more money and political sway you had. Thoreau and Emerson were opposed to slavery and the idea that the government should have a say in the lives of the people. “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” is split between Thoreau and Emerson who are antislavery which this Southern is against and pro government staying in their own business and not worry about everything and what everyone is doing just like the man in the story. The beliefs of this story and Thoreau and Emerson are some what divide on a line similar to that of the North and South during the Civil War.

Bierce, Ambrose."An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.389-396. Print.

Letter to Robert Lee Blog

The Letter Robert E. Lee writes to his son describes his opinions of the War and the South. He talks of his feeling of the succeeding states and how he believes that the Southern states have been wronged by the North. Robert E. Lee was one of the South's best generals throughout the Civil War. In the end he eventually had to surrender to the Northern General Ulysses Grant. Robert Lee attended West Point College which made him an incredible leader in the art of war and strategy. "Still, a Union that can only be maintained by swords and bayonets, and in which strife and civil war ate to take the place of brotherly love and kindness, has no charm for me" (Lee 385). This passage from his letter to his son shoes his disliking of the Union and their ideas of trying to control the people with government laws that say it is illegal to have slaves. This idea of the government controlling the people and their decisions are ideas that Thoreau and Emerson did not agree with they believed in the people making decision and that the government should not but into to such affairs of the people. "The framers of our Constitution never exhausted so much labor, wisdom, and forbearance in its formation, and surrounded it with so many guards and securities, if it was intended to be broken by every member of the Confederacy at will"(Lee 385). Robert E Lee was angry with the founders of our nation and the people interrupting the laws because he believed them to be making new rules that the founders of our great nation did not talk about in the Constitution. Lee believes that it is okay that they secede because there is no law against them and that the people of the past do not understand the time they are now living in. The letter of Robert E Lee shows his feelings against the Union and the government similar to the feeling of both Thoreau and Emerson who were anti-government control over the people.

Lee, Robert."Letter to His Sone" Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.385. Print.

And Ain't I a Woman? Reflection

Sojourner Tuth spoke to the Ohio Women's Rights Convention talks about the inequality among women and the African American women. She see the white women fighting for freedom and inequality towards men and wants to fight with them for her rights as a women. The African American women not only have to fight for their rights as women but also for the rights of Afrcian American slaves. "I could work as much and eat as much as a man- when I could get it- and bear the lash as well" (Truth). Truth believes that she can do anything that a man can and is just as equal as him and deserves to have the equal opporunities as any man. The separation of the women is also something she sees as wrong and wants them to unite together to form a stronger bond and revolt against the issue of equality together. "If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again" (Truth)! This is a perfect example of her idea of how God wanted saw the woman as a strong figure who can turn the world around and make a true difference. Emerson and Thoreau were pro womens rights because of their beliefs in the people controling their world and working to help themselves and win their rights against the government. "But, wherever a man goes, men will pursue and paw him with their dirty institutions, and, if they can, constrain him to belong to their desperate odd-fellow society"(Grant). They know that the men control the government and the laws and the social position of many people. Emerson and Thoreau knew that the government was holding both the women and the slaves back and prevent them from doing what they wanted to achieve in life. Truth wanted a chance at a better life and to success in America were the pursuit of happiness was everyone's rights.

Grant, P. B. "Individual and Society in Walden." McClinton-Temple, Jennifer ed. Encyclopedia of
Themes in Literature. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2011. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc.

Truth, Sojourner."And Ain't I a Woman?" Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.370. Print.

Sweet Chariot and others Reflection

"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot", "Go Down, Moses", and "Keep Your Hand on the Plow" are old slave songs that were sung by the slaves when they were picking cotton in the fields. The slaves were waiting for their time to rise from slavery and become free men. The songs "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" and "Go Down, Moses" are all about the stories in the Bible of the slaves waiting for their time to be free. "When Israel was in Egypt's land, Let my people go; Oppressed so hard they could not stand, Let my people go" (347). This common part throughout the song is about the Israelites who were enslaved by the Egyptians and are forced to work for the Egyptians just like they were enslaved to the white man. Emerson and Thoreau were anti-slavery and wanted to free the slaves. "Thoreau and his family were committed to abolitionism and, along with the Amos Bronson Alcott family and Franklin Benjamin Sanborn, among others, assisted fugitive slaves through Concord" (Wayne). They did not want see slavery continue and felt that it was wrong. "Keep Your Hand on the Plow" was also the dream of freedom and the hope that God would one day set them free like he did for Paul and Silas. Paul and Silas were being held in jail wrongfully held and God set them free with an earthquake that broke the jail and allowed them to go free (348). The slaves were waiting for their chance to be free and make their own decision in their lives. Emerson and Thoreau were antigovernment and wanted the believe to live according to their own rules and morals. The African American slaves were wanting their chance to be free to live in the land of the free man. "Coming for to carry me home, BUt still my soul feels heavenly bound; Coming for to carry me home" (346). This line in "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" is talking about the free home in heaven waiting for them and that they will be free if not in their life in their afterlife.

"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.346. Print.

"Go Down, Moses" Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.347. Print.

"Keep Your Hand on the Plow" Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.348. Print.

Wayne, Tiffany K., ed. "Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson." Critical Companion to Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2010. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc.

Walt Whitman Reflection

The Cavalry Crossing a Ford by Walt Whitman shows the military approach to war and that was different from the view of the war and his feelings towards violence. Walt Whitman was a medic during the Civil War and was extremely patriotic towards his country and believed in the American system of government unlike the writers of both Thoreau and Emerson. " Scarlet and blue and snowy white, The guidon flags flutter gayly in the wind" (Whitman 7). This line in his poem describes the American flag and the love that Whitman has for his country. The great description of the colors of his nation's flag are bright and pure just like the nation. He was a fighter and hoped that the country could be successful as a whole where as Emerson and Thoreau were were more into the personal rights of the individual and against war. "Thoreau, hopeless of any good coming of the United States Government, thoroughly sympathized with a man who had courage to break its bonds in the cause of natural right" (Emerson). Both of these men were against slavery and they wanted to attack it in different way like Emerson and Thoreau wanted to go fight slavery by individual rights and through a way without violence and war. Where as Walt Whitman was wanting to fight against slavery as a whole and with the nation behind him carrying the flag. He went out and joined the fight as a whole and wanted the change to happen for a nation and not just in little individual spots. "They present new aspects of things, or at least old familiar objects in new dresses, the various subjects of thought and inquiry in new relations, break up old associations, and excite to greater and fresher mental activity"(Brownson). Emerson gives people new options to the rules that they have been taught. Whitman was for the government and having the government be in control where as Emerson and Thoreau were against the government and having their own ideas and creating their own laws.

Emerson, Edward. "Henry Thoreau as Remembered by a Young Friend." 1917. Quoted as "Henry Thoreau as Remembered by a Young Friend" in Bloom, Harold, ed. Henry David Thoreau, Classic Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2008. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc.

Brownson, Orestes Augustus. "Emerson's Essays." Boston Quarterly Review, July 1841: 292. Quoted as "Emerson's Essays" in Bloom, Harold, ed. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Classic Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2007. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc.

Whitman, Walt. "Cavalry Crossing a Ford" Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.341. Print.

Gettysburg Address Reflection

The Gettysburg Address is definitely one of the most widely known speeches and one that reflects a time in history where the freedom of man divided an entire country into a Civil War. The Gettysburg Address was spoken by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg a turning point in the war for the North. "The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here" (Lincoln 402). This line is a strong statement and gave people the motivation to finish the war and fight for the equal rights of the free man. The rights of everyone being equal was a theory that both Emerson and Thoreau shared and also Abraham Lincoln (Brugman). Abraham Lincoln was a man who stood up for what he believed in and was not going to conform to what everyone else wanted and this was another theory that was shared by Emerson. "The danger, he warns, is in conformity because through conformity, the individual is lost: "For non-conformity, the world whips you with its displeasure" (Brugman). This conformity to the people around you is what Emerson fears and believes destroys the man but Lincoln did not fall victim to this conformity. Emerson is all about individuality and doing what you believe in and not exactly following the government and their rules. Lincoln was a government official and he still remained his own person and avoided the most of the corruption of the society around probably mostly because he was dealing with a large scale war. "But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate we can not consecrate we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract"(Lincoln). The greatest of the men who dead at Gettysburg are the real heroes of the war and Lincoln wants to honor that and show what they did for the nation and also what they did for the people they were freeing from the battles. The battles of the Civil War give hope for the slaves like Emerson did he gave a voice for the people who could not stand up for themselves and give them hope that maybe someday they could be free (Brugman).

Brugman, Patricia. "Nature in 'Self-Reliance'." McClinton-Temple, Jennifer ed. Encyclopedia of Themes in Literature. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2011. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc.

Lincoln, Abraham. "The Gettysburg Address" Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.402. Print.

Meaning of the 4th of July Reflection

In "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro" the author Fredrick Douglass claims that this is their day and time of independence of the white man, but he is still enslaved. "This Fourth July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn.."( Douglass 337). When he made this speech in 1852 slavery was still a common practice and the Civil War had not begun but the tension was rising between many groups of people and this speech probably influenced more people to join the fight against slavery. The Fourth of July was also a significant day for Thoreau because on that day he took on his own independence from society and ventured out of society living in the woods away from the society he believes is corrupt. The movement away from society by Thoreau was his witnessing of the people being ruined by luxury and heedless expense, which he felt was wrong and that the people should connect more with people and nature (Grant). The Fourth of July is the holiday used to celebrated the independence of the nation and its people and Fredrick Douglass sees this as wrong and that what they are really celebrating is the freedom of the whites because his people are not free they are slaves and property in the eyes of the free white man. The Constitution states that all men are created equal and Fredrick Douglass wants to see that equality that does not exist among the people because of race. Fredrick Douglass also makes a point in saying that the Americans are hypocritical because they do not practice what they preach it says all men are created equal yet the people are enslaved and we cover up all the crimes with a thin veil and if that veil was uncovered all that would be left is a nation of savages. The views of both Fredrick Douglass and Thoreau about the quiet kept secrets of their governments that hide the evils of the government and hurt the society's freedom and keeps them captive to their materialistic lives.

Grant, P. B. "Individual and Society in Walden." McClinton-Temple, Jennifer ed. Encyclopedia of

Themes in Literature. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2011. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc.

Douglass, Fredrick. "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro" Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Ph.D. and Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. Glencoe Literature. American Literature ed. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.337. Print.